Two sintering methods of a pressureless sintering and a spark-plasma sintering are tested to densify the Fe- TiC composite powders which are fabricated by high-energy ball-milling. A powder mixture of Fe and TiC is prepared in a planetary ball mill at a rotation speed of 500 rpm for 1h. Pressureless sintering is performed at 1100, 1200 and 1300°C for 1-3 hours in a tube furnace under flowing argon gas atmosphere. Spark-plasma sintering is carried out under the following condition: sintering temperature of 1050°C, soaking time of 10 min, sintering pressure of 50 MPa, heating rate of 50°C, and in a vacuum of 0.1 Pa. The curves of shrinkage and its derivative (shrinkage rate) are obtained from the data stored automatically during sintering process. The densification behaviors are investigated from the observation of fracture surface and cross-section of the sintered compacts. The pressureless-sintered powder compacts show incomplete densification with a relative denstiy of 86.1% after sintering at 1300°C for 3h. Spark-plasma sintering at 1050°C for 10 min exhibits nearly complete densification of 98.6% relative density under the sintering pressure of 50 MPa.

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• Experimental investigation on thermal behaviour of copper-added P/M iron materials at different sintering temperatures
  T. K. Kandavel, S. Dhasarathy
  Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering.2021; 19(1): 57.     CrossRef

Fe-TiC composite powders are fabricated by planetary ball mill processing. Two kinds of powder mixtures are prepared from the starting materials of (a) (Fe, TiC) powders and (b) (Fe, TiH₂, Carbon) powders. Milling speed (300, 500 and 700 rpm) and time (1, 2, and 3 h) are varied. For (Fe, TiH₂, Carbon) powders, an in situ reaction synthesis of TiC after the planetary ball mill processing is added to obtain a homogeneous distribution of ultrafine TiC particulates in Fe matrix. Powder characteristics such as particle size, size distribution, shape, and mixing homogeneity are investigated. In case of (Fe, TiC) powder many coarse TiC particulates with size of several μm are unevenly distributed in Fe-matrix. The composite powder prepared from (Fe, TiH₂, C) powder mixture showed a homogeneous dispersion of ulatrafine TiC particulates.

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• Effect of TiC particle size on high temperature oxidation behavior of TiC reinforced stainless steel
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